The Ancient History of Morabaraba, Dooz, and Nine Men’s Morris

• Strategic board games have played a significant role in human civilization since ancient times, serving not only as forms of entertainment but also as tools for developing logical thinking, social interaction, and cultural transmission. Morabaraba in Africa, Dooz in Iran, and Nine Men’s Morris in England are among the most prominent traditional mind games with deep historical roots, supported by archaeological and historical evidence.
• Morabaraba is recognized as one of the oldest traditional board games in Africa, particularly widespread in southern regions of the continent. Archaeological findings and historical studies indicate that Morabaraba boards were often carved directly onto stones, rocks, and hard surfaces during ancient times. These stone engravings demonstrate the long-standing cultural importance of the game and its role in teaching strategy, patience, and planning within indigenous African societies.
• In Iran, Dooz is regarded as one of the most ancient and widely practiced traditional mind games, with origins dating back to antiquity. Historical and cultural evidence suggests that Dooz was especially prevalent in the city of Hamedan (ancient Ecbatana), the first capital of the Iranian Empire. Stone-carved Dooz boards discovered in historical sites and public spaces reflect the game’s integration into daily life in ancient Iran. Beyond recreation, Dooz functioned as a means of strengthening logical reasoning, concentration, and strategic thought, forming an integral part of Iran’s intangible cultural heritage.
• Nine Men’s Morris, widely known in England and other parts of Europe, also possesses a long and well- documented history. The game can be traced back to the Roman period and remained popular throughout the Middle Ages. Numerous boards carved into the stone surfaces of churches, monasteries, and historical buildings in England provide tangible evidence of its widespread use and enduring presence in European society.
• The structural and conceptual similarities among Morabaraba, Dooz, and Nine Men’s Morris highlight deep cultural connections across ancient civilizations. The practice of carving game boards into stone surfaces underscores both the antiquity and the social significance of these games. Collectively, they illustrate how traditional mind sports have served as enduring instruments for cultural exchange, knowledge transmission, and the development of strategic thinking throughout human history.